The 15th IHP Training Course
(International Hydrological Programme)

Working Group for IHP Training Course,
Sub-committee for IHP,
Japanese National Commission for UNESCO

Objectives

　The general aim of the 15^th IHP short course is to help participants develop their basic knowledge of the Water and Carbon Cycles in Terrestrial Ecosystems in the solution of current global environmental problems. To detect and predict responses of terrestrial ecosystems to global change is one of the important scientific issues in global environmental studies. To cope with such issues, a basic understanding of physical and biogeochemical nature of water and carbon cycles in various terrestrial ecosystems is required. Micrometeorological and biogeochemical knowledge and techniques, including use of stable isotopes of H₂O and CO₂ and numerical modeling, are the basis for this understanding.

　The course will focus on two major subjects. The first is the examination of leaf- and canopy-scale exchange processes of heat, H₂O, and CO₂ with the surrounding atmosphere. The second is the study of the relationships of the vegetation dynamics with future climate feedbacks. The lectures and practice sessions will be conducted at Nagoya University and Chiba University.

L0 Introduction……………………………………………………………… T. Hiyama

　　　Guidance and outline of this IHP short course

L1 Canopy-Scale Fluxes of Heat, Water Vapor, and Carbon Dioxide
　　in　Various Terrestrial Ecosystems………………………………………. T. Hiyama
　　　
　　　Basic equations for the turbulent transport
　　　Eddy covariance technique for the surface fluxes estimations
　　　Carbon dioxide fluxes and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) at terrestrial ecosystem
　　　Modeling of soil - vegetation - atmosphere transfers

L2 Water Cycle in Forested Area………………………………….…………. T. Ohta
　　　
　　　Water budget and vegetation
　　　Forest effects of water cycle -physiological effects and structural effects-
　　　Climate conditions and water cycle in forests
　　　Winter hydrological processes in forests

L3 Biogeochemical Processes of Carbon in Forested Ecosystem………… H. Shibata
　　　
　　　General principle of carbon cycling in forested ecosystem
　　　Monitoring and analytical method of carbon dynamics
　　　Case studies of carbon dynamics in forested basin

L4 Biogeochemical Processes of Nitrogen in Forested Ecosystem……… E. Konohira

　　　General principle of nitrogen cycling in forested ecosystem
　　　Nitrogen in stream and forest environments
　　　Implication of carbon and nitrogen dynamics in forested ecosystem

L5 Assessment of Plant-Water Relations using Stable Isotope Tracers……. T. Yamanaka

　　　Fundamentals of stable isotopes
　　　Methods for water sampling, extraction and analysis
　　　Water sources of plants and inter-specific interaction
　　　Canopy fluxes partitioning and water use efficiency
　　　Catchment water balance and ecosystem dynamics

L6 Integrated Use of Vegetation Indices and Surface Temperature Space
　　obtained from Earth Observation Satellites Dataset……………….. A. Higuchi

　　　Introduction: Basics of optical and thermal-IR channels
　　　Examples of combined usage of vegetation indices and surface temperature
　　　Possibility for the detection of water and energy related information by the integrated uses of satellite remote sensing

L7 Observation of Global Vegetation Variations by Satellite Remote Sensing……… Y. Yamaguchi
　　　
　　　Fundamentals of multi-spectral data analysis
　　　Vegetation indices
　　　Relationship between global vegetation variations and climate
　　　Estimation of terrestrial net primary production (NPP)

L8 Role of Vegetation for the Earth Climate System………………… T. Yasunari

　　　Role of Tibetan Plateau and vegetation on Asian monsoon climate
　　　Climate and vegetation - an interactive and symbiotic system -
　　　Possible impact of vegetation change on the earth climate system
　　　(This lecture will be conducted as a part of SELIS special seminar.)

L9 Plant Responses to Elevated CO₂ Concentration at Different Scales:
　　Leaf, Whole Plant, Canopy, and Population………………………………………………… K. Hikosaka
　　　
　　　Effect of seasonal acclimation on photosynthesis at elevated CO₂
　　　Nitrogen limits seed production of annuals at elevated CO₂
　　　Canopy structure and photosynthesis at elevated CO₂
　　　Competition for light in mono-specific stands of annual plants at elevated CO₂

L10 Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (DGVM)………………………… A. Itou
　　　
　　　Effectiveness of model simulation for global change
　　　How will terrestrial ecosystems respond to global warming?
　　　Dynamic models of water and carbon cycles in terrestrial ecosystems
　　　Earth-system modeling for advanced prediction of climatic change

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Pactices

P1 Measurement and Estimation of Canopy-Scale Fluxes……………. T. Hiyama

　　　Eddy covariance techniques for canopy-scale fluxes
　　　Bulk transfer equations for canopy-scale fluxes

P2 Satellite Measurements of Vegetation Condition and NPP…… Y. Yamaguchi

　　　Visualization of satellite remote sensing data
　　　Calculation of NDVI and estimation of NPP

P3 Satellite Measurements of Vegetation and Hydrologic Condition…… A. Higuchi

　　　Comparison of canopy-scale fluxes with remotely sensed variables
　　　Ts/VI technique to detect soil moisture condition

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Schedule (26 February - 11 March, 2006)

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Trainees

　The trainees from the Asia-Pacific region are selected and recommended by the Regional Science Bureau for Asia and the Pacific, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). The UNESCO Office, Jakarta, will be in charge for the selection and recommendation of the participants. Successful candidates would be financially supported by UNESCO for their travels as well as per diem in Japan. Those who wish to participate are requested to contact UNESCO Office Jakarta at the following address:

　　　

　　　Giuseppe Arduino
　　　Programme Specialist in Hydrological Sciences
　　　UNESCO Jakarta Office
　　　UNESCO House
　　　Jalan Galuh (II), No.5
　　　Kebayoran Baru
　　　Jakarta Selatan 12110, Indonesia
　　　E-mail: g.arduino@unesco.org
　　　E-mail: m.pattipeiluhu@unesco.org
　　　E-mail: jakarta@unesco.org
　　　Tel: +62-21-739 9818
　　　Fax: +62-21-7279 6489

　Additional candidates are allowed to participate at their own expenses. They should contact the Secretary of the IHP Training Course, whose contact address is given as the last of this brochure. The recommendations both from the National Commission to UNESCO and IHP National Committees in their countries are highly desirable.

The Asian monsoon is predominant in the East Asian region. The variability of the Asian Monsoon has great influence on the water cycle and climate change in the East Asian region. The ocean acts on the variability of the Asian monsoon actively and passively. The course will focus not only on the impact of the variability of the Asian monsoon on physical, chemical and biological processes over land, coastal seas, marginal seas and the North Pacific Ocean, but also on the influence of ocean variability on the Asian monsoon variability. The lectures and practice sessions will be conducted at Nagoya University, Mie University, Ehime University and the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology.

Planned Lectures:
　　　・Environmental change on land related to the Asian monsoon variation.
　　　・Physical, chemical and biological processes in the coastal seas.
　　　・Material cycle in the Asian marginal seas.
　　　・Ocean-Atmosphere interactions in the North Pacific Ocean.
　　　
Practical Training:
　　　・Measurement of water temperature, salinity, chlorophyll a and nutrients with direct observation using a Training Vessel.
　　　・High-tech observation systems in the ocean.
　　　・A study visit of an auto-monitoring system in the ocean environment of the Seto Inland Sea.

The IHP Training Course is financially supported by a Trust Fund for UNESCO from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japanese Government.

This Training Course is financially supported, in part, by funds from 21^st Century COE Program at Nagoya University: Dynamics of the Sun-Earth-Life Interactive System (SELIS).

Address for inquiries: Tetsuya Hiyama (Associate Professor) Hydrospheric Atmospheric Research Center (HyARC), Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601 Japan Tel: +81-52-789-3478 Fax: +81-52-789-3436 E-mail: hiyama@hyarc.nagoya-u.ac.jp 15th IHP Training Course URL: http://hyarc.nagoya-u.ac.jp/ihp/15ihptc.html

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